FILTER FEED PUMPS Filter Feed Pumps are used to draw water from the clarified water sump and pass it through the Pressure Sand Filter (PSF) and Activated Carbon Filter (ACF), which are installed in series to improve water quality. PRESSURE SAND FILTER (PSF) Working Principle: The upper layers of sand perform the actual filtration function, while gravel layers provide physical support. Specialized sand with a specific particle size is used to trap solid impurities present in water. The particles get entrapped in the spaces between sand grains, eventually blocking water flow. When the pressure drops beyond a set limit, the sand is cleaned by backwashing with water. Backwashing reverses the flow, fluidizing the sand bed and removing lighter solid particles as waste. Operation And Maintenance Considerations Filtration is followed by a short backwash sequence. The filter requires backwashing when the pressure drop across the filter reaches 0.5 kg/cm². Best practice: Backwash once per shift,...
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