Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Earth Pit Resistance Measurement

Objective

To accurately measure the earth pit resistance using an Earth Resistance Tester to ensure proper grounding and electrical safety.

Equipment Required

Earth Resistance Tester (with four terminals: P1, P2, C1, and C2)
Two terminal rods (for current and potential measurement)
Measuring tape (for precise placement of rods)
Hammer (for driving rods into the ground)
Connecting wires (for stable connections)

Step by Step Procedure

Step 1: Preparation

Clean the Earth Pit – Remove debris and ensure unobstructed access to the pit.
Check the Earth Resistance Tester – Ensure proper functionality before use.
Preliminary Equipment Checks:

Confirm that the tester has four terminals (P1, P2, C1, and C2).
Ensure the pointer reads zero when the tester is not in use.
Adjust the zero adjustment screw if necessary.

Step 2: Connection Setup

Short terminals P1 and C1 and connect them to the earth pit electrode whose resistance needs to be measured.
Position the terminal rods as follows:
Current Rod (C2): Place 5 to 30 meters away from the earth pit and drive 1 meter deep into the ground.
Potential Rod (P2): Place 2 to 15 meters away from the earth pit, along the same axis as the current rod, and drive 1 meter deep into the ground.

Step 3: Measurement Process

Operate the Earth Resistance Tester:

Rotate the handle of the tester steadily until the pointer stabilizes without oscillations.

Record the Earth Resistance Value:

Read the resistance displayed on the tester.
Record the value in Ohms (Ω) for further analysis and comparison.

Precautions to Ensure Accuracy

Ensure firm connections at all terminals to avoid fluctuating readings.
Rods must be placed in a straight line from the earth pit for accurate measurement.
Avoid testing during wet or extreme weather conditions as moisture can affect readings.
Ensure the tester is properly calibrated before taking measurements.

Final Words

Measuring earth pit resistance is a crucial step in ensuring effective grounding and electrical safety. Following this SOP guarantees accurate readings, minimizes electrical hazards, and ensures compliance with safety standards. Regular monitoring and recording of earth resistance values helps in preventive maintenance, ensuring a safe and efficient electrical grounding system over time.

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