FM Techie

 Introduction: The Aeration Tank is the core of the sewage treatment process, where biological treatment takes place using microorganisms. This tank maintains a high population of microbes that break down organic matter, forming a mixture known as Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS). Through continuous aeration and controlled microbial activity, the tank ensures efficient wastewater treatment before the process moves to the clarifier for further purification. AERATION TANK The Aeration tank is at the heart of the treatment system. The bulk of the treatment is provided here, employing microbes/bacteria for the process.  The main function of the Aeration tank is to maintain a high population level of microbes. This mixture is called MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids). The mixed liquor is passed on to the clarifier tank, where the microbes are made to settle at the bottom.  The settled microbes are recycled back to the aeration tank. Thus they are retained for a long peri...

  Introduction: Transformers contain several critical components that ensure their efficient operation, protection, and longevity. Among these, the conservator, breather, explosion vent, oil temperature relay, oil drain valve, fins, level indicator, and Buchholz relay play vital roles in regulating oil levels, preventing faults, monitoring temperature, and ensuring safety. These elements help maintain the transformer's health by addressing oil expansion, air moisture absorption, pressure regulation, and fault detection. Understanding these components is essential for effective operation, maintenance, and fault prevention in transformers. CONSERVATOR:  This is mounted on top of the oil tank. This should have oil two third of its volume and the remaining filled with air. The conservator is used to accommodate the expanded volume of the transformer oil when ever the oil gets heated up owing to loading of the transformer. Also when the oil cools down, the oil from the conservator ...

Introduction The equalization tank is a crucial component in a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), serving as the first collection and buffering stage. It regulates the fluctuating inflow of raw sewage from bar screen chambers, oil traps, and grit separators, ensuring a steady and controlled flow to the treatment process. This tank plays a vital role in preventing system overloads during peak hours while maintaining efficient wastewater treatment. Additionally, aeration through coarse bubble diffusers helps in mixing and preventing sedimentation, optimizing the efficiency of the STP. Equalization Tank The sewage from the bar screen chamber and oil, grease and grit trap comes to the equalization tank. The equalization tank is the first collection tank in an STP Its main function is to act as buffer:  To collect the incoming raw sewage that comes at widely fluctuating rates, and pass it on to the rest of the STP at a steady (average) flow rate. During the peak hours, sewage comes at a high...

Introduction Sewage treatment is an essential process designed to remove contaminants from wastewater, household sewage, and industrial effluents. The primary goal is to ensure that the treated water is safe for disposal into the environment or suitable for reuse in various applications. This process involves physical, chemical, and biological methods that collectively help maintain environmental balance and reduce the strain on potable water sources. Proper sewage treatment is crucial to: Prevent water pollution Protect human health Conserve natural resources by reusing treated wastewater Reduce the environmental impact of urbanization and industrialization Stages of Sewage Treatment Sewage treatment consists of three main stages: primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Each stage plays a critical role in ensuring the removal of solids, organic matter, and pathogens. 1. Primary Treatment (Solid Separation) Primary treatment is the initial phase where large solids and sediments are...

Introduction: Transformers are vital components in electrical power systems, ensuring efficient voltage regulation and power transmission. However, various faults and failures can occur due to mechanical, electrical, and thermal stresses, leading to operational disruptions and potential damage. Understanding the causes of transformer faults is crucial for preventive maintenance and reliable operation. This guide explores common transformer faults, their causes, and preventive measures to enhance transformer lifespan and efficiency. Causes of Faults in Transformers Transformers are critical components in electrical power systems, and their failure can lead to significant operational disruptions. Various factors contribute to transformer faults, which can be classified based on their origin and impact. Here are some of the most common causes of transformer faults:   1. Winding to Core Faults (Insulation Failure) One of the most common transformer faults occurs due to weakening of ins...

Introduction: Electrical systems function based on fundamental parameters that define the behavior of electricity as it flows through various components. The key electrical parameters include voltage, current, resistance, and power, each playing a crucial role in circuit operation. Understanding these parameters helps in designing, analyzing, and troubleshooting electrical systems efficiently. This guide explores these essential electrical parameters, their significance, and real world applications in various electrical systems. ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS:                                    a) Electrical Voltage Voltage is the electrical force that moves electrons through a conductor. It is also called Electro Motive Force (EMF) as it pushes electrons within a circuit. The unit of voltage is volts (V). Example: A 230V power supply provides the force needed to operate household electrical appliances. ...

Objective To accurately measure the earth pit resistance using an Earth Resistance Tester to ensure proper grounding and electrical safety. Equipment Required Earth Resistance Tester (with four terminals: P1, P2, C1, and C2) Two terminal rods (for current and potential measurement) Measuring tape (for precise placement of rods) Hammer (for driving rods into the ground) Connecting wires (for stable connections) Step by Step Procedure Step 1: Preparation Clean the Earth Pit – Remove debris and ensure unobstructed access to the pit. Check the Earth Resistance Tester – Ensure proper functionality before use. Preliminary Equipment Checks: Confirm that the tester has four terminals (P1, P2, C1, and C2). Ensure the pointer reads zero when the tester is not in use. Adjust the zero adjustment screw if necessary. Step 2: Connection Setup Short terminals P1 and C1 and connect them to the earth pit electrode whose resistance needs to be measured. Position the terminal rods as follows: Current Rod ...

Introduction: Cleaning agents play a crucial role in the housekeeping industry, ensuring hygiene, cleanliness, and maintenance of various surfaces. One of the most widely used brands in professional housekeeping is TASKI, which offers specialized cleaning agents labeled with codes like R1, R2, R3, etc., under the 'Room Care' category. Each TASKI product serves a specific purpose, from bathroom sanitation to glass cleaning, furniture polishing, air freshening, and grease removal. This guide provides an overview of different TASKI cleaning agents, their applications, dilution ratios, and best usage practices for efficient housekeeping operations. Types of Cleaning Agents Cleaning agents are the most important in Housekeeping department in their day to day operations to keep the room clean. Taski is a specific products which is mostly used in HK industry, these cleaning agents are used with specific codes to understand better in HK industry eg: R1, R2, R3 ('R' Stands for...

Introduction: Regular maintenance is essential to keep diesel generators running efficiently and reliably. A well structured maintenance checklist ensures optimal performance, prevents unexpected failures, and extends the lifespan of the equipment. This checklist covers daily, periodic, and annual maintenance tasks, including oil changes, cooling system checks, fuel system inspections, and battery maintenance. By following these guidelines, facility managers and operators can ensure uninterrupted power supply and reduced downtime for critical operations. Diesel Generator Maintenance Checklist A-CHECK (DAILY MAINTENANCE) Cleaning - Clean engine and premises. Checking Engine Oil Level - Ensure oil is between H and L marks on the dipstick, top up if required. Checking Coolant System - Verify coolant level in radiator, top up with premix coolant if needed. Inspect belt condition. Checking Fuel System - Inspect fuel strainer, clean breather on fuel tank, drain sediments/water from fu...

Introduction: Diesel generators are vital backup power sources in facility management, ensuring seamless operations during outages. Proper maintenance, troubleshooting, and efficiency optimization enhance reliability and compliance with safety regulations. This guide covers essential best practices for diesel generator operation and preventive care to maximize performance. Diesel Generator Question & Answer 1. Why should a DG set not be run with full fuel in the tank? Answer: A full fuel tank creates improper pressure across fuel lines, leading to excessive black smoke emission. 2. Why is bleeding required? Answer: The fuel system requires air bleeding under the following circumstances: The engine has not been operated for a long time. A fuel element has been replaced. The engine was started without opening the fuel cock and has run for some time. The feed pump is not functioning properly. There is leakage from fuel pipes or fuel filters. 3. How to remove Air Lock? Answer: Air loc...

Introduction Fire is one of the most dangerous and destructive forces that can occur in homes, workplaces, and industrial settings. Understanding fire behavior, prevention techniques, and fire extinguishers is crucial for minimizing risks and ensuring safety. The Fire Triangle explains how flames sustain combustion through the presence of three essential elements: fuel, heat, and oxygen. Removing any of these elements can effectively control or extinguish a fire. Fire prevention and suppression methods focus on eliminating one or more of these factors. This article provides a detailed guide on fire control methods, fire prevention systems, and the types of fire extinguishers used for different classes of fires. Understanding the Fire Triangle The Fire Triangle is the foundation of fire science, consisting of three key components required for combustion: Fuel – Any material that can burn, such as wood, paper, gasoline, or chemicals. Heat – The energy source that raises the fuel's te...

Introduction Proper maintenance and operation of a diesel generator (DG) are essential for ensuring reliability, efficiency, and longevity. Incorrect handling can lead to engine damage, increased fuel consumption, and higher emissions. Following best practices helps in reducing breakdowns, optimizing performance, and ensuring safety. In this guide, we outline the most important Dos and Don'ts for operating a diesel generator efficiently. Dos: Best Practices for Diesel Generator Operation Idle the Engine Before Shutdown Always allow the engine to idle for 3 to 5 minutes before shutting down. This helps lubricating oil and coolant carry heat away from critical components like the combustion chamber, bearings, and shafts, preventing overheating and thermal shock. Monitor Oil Pressure The oil pressure gauge should display pressure within 15 seconds of starting. If oil pressure is not indicated within this time, shut off the engine immediately to prevent severe damage. Maintain Proper ...