Fire Triangle: Understanding Fire Control & Prevention Systems

Fire Triangle

Flames require fuel, oxygen, and heat to sustain combustion, a concept known as the Fire Triangle. Fire extinguishers work by removing one of these elements through the application of an agent that either cools the burning fuel, removes fuel, or displaces the surrounding oxygen.

The Basic Concept of Fire Control

Removing Heat (Cooling)
- Heat can be removed by applying a substance that reduces the temperature and limits the heat available for the fire reaction.
Removing Fuel (Starving)
- A fire ceases when its fuel source is eliminated. This can be done manually, mechanically, or chemically by removing or isolating the fuel from the fire.
Reducing Oxygen (Smothering)

A fire requires oxygen to sustain combustion. Reducing oxygen concentration slows or stops the combustion process.

Fire Prevention Systems in a Building

Fire prevention systems are categorized into:

Active Fire Protection (AFP)
- AFP consists of systems and equipment that require motion and response to function effectively.
- Examples: Fire alarms, sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, and smoke detection systems.
Passive Fire Protection (PFP)
- PFP is a structural fire protection method designed to contain or slow fire spread.
- Utilizes fire resistant walls, floors, and doors to prevent fire progression.

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